These include the process of worker unionization, the management of negotiations and the interpretation of collective agreements on wages, working time and other conditions of workers who invoke dispute resolution procedures in concerted economic measures. The idea of collective bargaining was born out of labour disputes and the growth of the labour movement and was first fuelled by Samuel Crompers in the United States. In India, the first collective agreement was concluded in 1920 using the example of Mahatma Gandhi to settle relations between a group of employers and their workers in the textile industry in Ahmadabad. If both parties are unable to reach a consensus on the collective agreement, this is characterized as an inability to agree on a contract. Different types of strikes are used to show workers` dissatisfaction with bargaining allowance. An economic strikeA on the basis of discontent over economic conditions. is a strike due to dissatisfaction with economic conditions during contract negotiations. In the summer of 2011, 45,000 Verizon workers gathered when contract negotiations failed. Dan Goldberg, « Verizon Strike Could Last Months, » New Jersey News, August 7, 2011, called August 15, 2011, www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2011/08/verizon_workers_outline_differ.html. The two unions, Communications Workers of America and International Brotherhood of Electric Workers, say the new contract is unfair because it asks verizon workers to contribute more to health plans and the company is also trying to freeze pensions by the end of the year and shorten the duration of the illness. Dan Goldberg, « Verizon Strike Could Last Months, » New Jersey News, August 7, 2011, called August 15, 2011, www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2011/08/verizon_workers_outline_differ.html. Verizon says telecommunications are changing and it can`t afford those expenses.
An unfair strike of labour practices may occur during negotiations. The purpose of a strike of unfair labour practicesThe objective is to get the organization to stop committing what the union believes to be an unfair labour practice; this type of strike should not take place during negotiations. The aim is to get the organization to stop committing what the union considers to be an unfair labour practice. A deadlock in the negotiation could mean a union strike or a lockout. The goal of a lockoutIf organizations do not allow workers to go to work, which prevents workers from working, it is possible to put pressure on the union to adopt the contract. A lockout can only be legally carried out if the existing collective agreement has come to an end and if it is really deadlocked in contract negotiations. In the summer of 2011, the National Basketball Association suspended players when the collective bargaining agreement expired, putting the 2011/12steve Kyler season at risk, « Division among Owners? » HoopsWorld, August 8, 2011, called August 15, 2011, www.hoopsworld.com/Story.asp?story_id=20549.